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Article: New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China

Papers in Palaeontology - Volume 5 Issue 2 - Cover
Publication: Papers in Palaeontology
Volume: 5
Part: 2
Publication Date: May 2019
Page(s): 241 260
Author(s): Yunhuan Liu, Jiachen Qin, Qi Wang, Andreas Maas, Baichuan Duan, Yanan Zhang, Hu Zhang, Tiequan Shao, and Huaqiao Zhang
DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1239
Addition Information

How to Cite

LIU, Y., QIN, J., WANG, Q., MAAS, A., DUAN, B., ZHANG, Y., ZHANG, H., SHAO, T., ZHANG, H. 2019. New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China. Papers in Palaeontology, 5, 2, 241-260. DOI: /doi/10.1002/spp2.1239

Author Information

  • Yunhuan Liu - School of Earth Science & Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China
  • Jiachen Qin - School of Earth Science & Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China
  • Qi Wang - School of Earth Science & Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China
  • Andreas Maas - Galgenackerweg 25 Blaustein 89134 Germany
  • Baichuan Duan - Research Center for Islands & Coastal Zone First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China
  • Yanan Zhang - School of Earth Science & Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China
  • Hu Zhang - School of Earth Science & Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China
  • Tiequan Shao - School of Earth Science & Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China
  • Huaqiao Zhang - State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology & Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology & Palaeontology, & Center for Excellence in Life & Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Publication History

  • Issue published online: 03 May 2019
  • Manuscript Accepted: 13 June 2018
  • Manuscript Received: 15 December 2017

Funded By

National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Numbers: 41572009, 41572007
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology
Chinese Academy of Sciences. Grant Numbers: 173121, 2016283
Youth Innovation Promotion Association
Support Project of High Technology Subplan. Grant Number: 300102278208
Off‐campus Educational Practice Base. Grant Number: 300104282716
Quality Project of Chang'an University. Grant Numbers: 0012‐310600161000, 0012‐310627171808

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library
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Abstract

Although molecular studies estimated that cycloneuralians might have originated in the Ediacaran Period and diversified in the early Cambrian, it was not until 2014 that they were first reported from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage. To date only two species and five indeterminate forms have been described. Here, we report new three‐dimensionally phosphatized microfossils of cycloneuralians from the Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China. Two new genera and species, Qinscolex spinosus gen. et sp. nov. and Shanscolex decorus gen. et sp. nov., and Indeterminate Forms 1–7 are described and tentatively assigned to total‐group Scalidophora, greatly increasing the diversity of the Fortunian cycloneuralians. These Fortunian cycloneuralians have diverse cuticular spines, plates, and spinose sclerites of various sizes on the trunk, thus assignment of co‐occurring fragmented trunk parts or disassociated spines or sclerites to a specific species is currently impossible. Some of the Fortunian cycloneuralians might have reached a centimetre in length; they may have been temporary meiobenthos in their juvenile or younger adult stages, only joining the macrobenthos when they reached macroscopic dimensions. It is proposed that an introvert with hexaradially symmetric and internally hollow scalids might be the plesiomorphic state for cycloneuralians.

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