Skip to content Skip to navigation

Article: The first species of Sinopa (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from outside of North America: implications for the history of the genus in the Eocene of Asia and North America

Publication: Palaeontology
Volume: 57
Part: 1
Publication Date: January 2014
Page(s): 111 125
Author(s): Michael Morlo, Katharina Bastl, Wu Wenhao and Stephan F. K. Schaal
Addition Information

How to Cite

MORLO, M., BASTL, K., WENHAO, W., SCHAAL, S. F. K. 2014. The first species of Sinopa (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from outside of North America: implications for the history of the genus in the Eocene of Asia and North America. Palaeontology57, 1, 111–125, doi: 10.1111/pala.12052

Author Information

  • Michael Morlo - Abt. Messelforschung und Paläoanthropologie, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (email: michael.morlo@senckenberg.de)
  • Katharina Bastl - Institut für Paläontologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria (emails: katharina.anna.bastl@univie.ac.at; katharina.bastl@meduniwien.ac.at)
  • Katharina Bastl - Forschungsgruppe Aerobiologie und Polleninformation, HNO-Klinik der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
  • Wu Wenhao - Research Center of Palaeontology, Jilin University, Changchun, China (email: wu_wenhao@yahoo.cn)
  • Stephan F. K. Schaal - Abt. Messelforschung und Paläoanthropologie, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (email: stephan.schaal@senckenberg.de)

Publication History

  • Issue published online: 6 JAN 2014
  • Article first published online: 8 OCT 2013
  • Manuscript Accepted: 16 APR 2013
  • Manuscript Received: 16 NOV 2012

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library (Free Access)
Get Article: Wiley Online Library [Free Access]

References

  • Andrews, C. W. 1906. A descriptive catalogue of the tertiary vertebrata of the Fayum, Egypt. British Museum (Natural History), London, 324 pp.
  • Bajpai, S., Kapur, V. V. and Thewissen, J. G. M. 2009. Creodont and condylarth from the Cambay Shale (early Eocene, ~55–54 Ma), Vastan lignite mine, Gujarat, western India. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India54 (1), 103–109.
  • Bastl, K., Morlo, M., Nagel, D. and Heizmann, E. 2011. Differences in the tooth eruption sequence in Hyaenodon (‘Creodonta’, Mammalia) and implications for the systematics of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology31 (1), 181–192.
  • Beard, K. C. and Wang, B. 1991. Phylogenetic and biogeographic significance of the tarsiiforme primate Asiomomys changbaicus from the Eocene of Jilin Province, People's Republic of China. American Journal of Physical Anthropology85, 159–166.
  • Bown, T. M. 1982. Geology, paleontology, and correlation of Eocene volcaniclastic rocks, southeast Absaroka range, Hot Springs County, Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper1201A, 1–75.
  • China Geological Survey (ed.). 2012. National Commission on Stratigraphy, ‘Stratigraphic Charts of China’ editorial committee, Stratigraphic Charts of China (Trial version). Issued by China Geological Survey 2012–09. [In Chinese].
  • Chow, M. 1975. Some carnivores from the Eocene of China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica13, 165–168. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • Coombs, M. C. 1998. Chalicotherioidea. 560–568. In Janis, C. M., Scott, K. M. and Jacobs, L. L. (eds). Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, New York, 708 pp.
  • Cope, E. D. 1872. Description of some new Vertebrata from the Bridger group of the Eocene. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society12, 460–472.
  • Cope, E. D. 1874. Report upon vertebrate fossils discovered in New Mexico with description of new species. Annual Report of the Chief EngineersApp. FF1874, 589–606.
  • Cope, E. D. 1875. On the supposed Carnivora of the Eocene of the Rocky Mountains. Paleontological Bulletin20, 1–4.
  • Dashzeveg, D. 1982. La faune de mammifères du Paléogène inférieur de Nuran‐Bulak (Asie centrale) et ses corrélations avec l'Europe et l'Amérique du Nord. Bulletin de la Société Géologique du France24, 275–281.
  • Dashzeveg, D. 1985. Nouveaux Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) du Paléogène de Mongolie. Annales de Paléontologie (Vertebrata–Invertebrata)71, 203–213.
  • Dashzeveg, D. 1988. Holarctic correlation of nonmarine Paleocene–Eocene boundary strata using mammals. Journal of the Geological Society London145, 473–478.
  • Egi, N., Holroyd, P. A., Tsubamoto, T., Shigehara, N., Takai, M., Soe Thura Tun, Aye Ko Aung and Aung Naing Soe 2004. A new genus and species of hyaenodontid creodont from the Pondaung Formation (Eocene, Myanmar). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology24, 502–506.
  • Egi, N., Holroyd, P. A., Aung Naing Soe, Takai, M. and Ciochon, R. L. 2005. Proviverrine hyaenodontids (Creodonta: Mammalia) from the Eocene of Myanmar and a phylogenetic analysis of the proviverrines from the Para‐Tethys area. Journal of Systematic Paleontology3, 337–358.
  • Egi, N., Tsubamoto, T. and Takai, M. 2007. Systematic status of Asian ‘Pterodon’ and early evolution of hyaenaelurine hyaenodontid creodonts. Journal of Paleontology81 (4), 770–778.
  • Gao, Y. 1976. Eocene mammalian fossil localities and horizons in the two basins of Wucheng and Xichuan, Henan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica14, 26–34.
  • Gaudant, J., Schaal, S. F. K. and Sun, W. 2012. A short account on the Eocene fish fauna from Huadian (Jilin Province, China). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments92 (4), 417–423.
  • Gheerbrant, E. 1995. Les mammiféres paléocènes du Bassin d'Ouarzazate (Maroc). III. Adapisoriculidae et autres mammiféres (Carnivora, ?Creodonta, Condylarthra, ?Ungulata et incertae sedis).Palaeontographica, A237, 39–132.
  • Gheerbrant, E., Iarochène, M., Amaghzaz, M. and Bouya, M. 2006. Early African hyaenodontid mammals and their bearing on the origin of the Creodonta. Geological Magazine143, 475–489.
  • Gingerich, P. D. and Deutsch, H. A. 1989. Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming. Contributions from the University of Michigan, Museum of Paleontology27, 327–391.
  • Gingerich, P. D., Arif, M., Khan, I. H., Ul‐Haq, M., Bloch, J. I., Clyde, W. C. and Gunnell, G. F. 2001. Gandhera Quarry, a unique mammalian faunal assemblage from the early Eocene of Baluchistan (Pakistan). 251–262. In Gunnell, G. F. (ed.). Eocene biodiversity: unusual occurrences and rarely sampled habitats. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 442 pp.
  • Grohé, C., Morlo, M., Chaimanee, Y., Blondel, C., Coster, P., Valentin, X., Salem, M., Bilal, A. A., Jaeger, J.‐J. and Brunet, M. 2012. New Apterodontinae (Hyaenodontida) from the Eocene Locality of Dur At‐Talah (Libya): Systematic, Paleoecological and Phylogenetical Implications. PLoS One7 (11), e49054.
  • Gunnell, G. F. 1998. Creodonta. 91–109. In Janis, C. M., Scott, K. M. and Jacobs, L. L. (eds). Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, New York, 708 pp.
  • Gustafson, E. P. 1986. Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans‐Pecos Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum33, 1–66.
  • Holroyd, P. A. 1994. An examination of dispersal origins for Fayum Mammalia. Unpublished PhD thesis, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, I–IX, 328 pp.
  • Holroyd, P. A. 1999. New Pterodontinae (Creodonta: Hyaenodontidae) from the late Eocene–early Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum province, Egypt. PaleoBios19, 1–18.
  • Ivy, L. 1993. Systematic revision of early to middle Eocene North American Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta). PhD thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, I–XII, 463 pp.
  • Kumar, K. 1992. Paratritemnodon indicus (Creodonta: Mammalia) from the early Middle Eocene Subathu Formation, NW Himalaya, India, and the Kalakot mammalian community structure. Paläontologische Zeitschrift66, 387–403.
  • Lange‐Badré, B. 1979. Les créodontes (Mammalia) d'Europe occidentale de l’Éocéne supérieur à l'Oligocéne supérieur. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Série C42, 1–249.
  • Lange‐Badré, B. and Haubold, H. 1990. Les créodontes (mammifères) du gisement du Geiseltal (Éocène moyen, RDA). Géobios23, 607–637.
  • Lavrov, A. V. 1996. A new genus Neoparapterodon (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) from the Khaichin‐Ula‐2 locality (Khaichin Formation, Middle‐Upper Eocene, Mongolia) and the systematic position of the Asiatic Pterodon representatives. Palaeontologicheskii Zhournal30, 593–604.
  • Lavrov, A. V. 1998. The oldest Asiatic Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Early Eocene of the Southern Fergana Basin (Andarak‐2 locality). Palaeontologicheskii Zhournal32, 96–102.
  • Lavrov, A. V. 1999. New material on the Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Ergiliyn Dzo Formation (Late Eocene of Mongolia) and some notes on the system of the Hyaenodontidae.Palaeontologicheskii Zhournal33, 321–329.
  • Lavrov, A. V. and Lopatin, A. V. 2004. A new species of Arfia (Hyaenodontidae, Creodonta) from the basal Eocene of Mongolia. Palaeontologicheskii Zhournal38, 95–103.
  • Leidy, J. 1869. The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia7 (2), 8–472.
  • Leidy, J. 1871. Remains of extinct mammals from Wyoming. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia1871, 113–117.
  • Lewis, M. and Morlo, M. 2010. Creodonta. 543–560. In Sanders, W. J. and Werdelin, L. (eds). Cenozoic mammals of Africa. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1008 pp.
  • Liu, L. and Huang, X. 2002. Propterodon (Hyaenodontidae, Creodonta, Mammalia) from the middle Eocene of the Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica40 (2), 133–138.
  • Lucas, S. G. and Schoch, R. M. 1998. Tillodontia. 268–273. In Janis, C. M., Scott, K. M. and Jacobs, L. L. (eds). Evolution of the tertiary mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, New York, 708 pp.
  • Matthew, W. D. 1906. The osteology of Sinopa, a creodont mammal of the middle Eocene. Proceedings of the United States Natural Museums30, 203–233.
  • Matthew, W. D. 1909. The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History9, 291–576.
  • Matthew, W. D. 1915. Part I. Order Ferae (Carnivora). Suborder Creodonta. In Matthew, W. D. and Granger, W. (eds). A revision of the lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River Faunas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History34, 1–103.
  • McKenna, M. C. and Bell, S. K. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.
  • Mellett, J. S. 1977. Paleobiology of North American Hyaenodon (Mammalia, Creodonta). Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution1, 1–134.
  • Meng, J., Zhai, R. and Wyss, A. R. 1998. The late Paleocene Bayan Ulan fauna of Inner Mongolia, China. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History34, 148–185.
  • Menning, M. 2012. Stratigraphic table of Germany Compact 2012. Menning, M. and Hendrich, A. (eds). Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission, Potsdam.
  • Miyata, K. 2007. New material of Asian Trogosus (Tillodontia, Mammalia) from the Akasaki Formation, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology27 (1), 176–188.
  • Morlo, M. 1999. Niche structure and evolution in creodont (Mammalia) faunas of the European and North American Eocene. Géobios32 (2), 297–305.
  • Morlo, M. and Gunnell, G. F. 2003. Small Limnocyoninae (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) from the Bridgerian, middle Eocene of Wyoming: Thinocyon, Iridodon n. gen., and ProlimnocyonContributions from the University of Michigan, Museum of Paleontology31, 43–78.
  • Morlo, M. and Gunnell, G. F. 2005. New species of Limnocyon (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Bridgerian (middle Eocene). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology25 (1), 247–251.
  • Morlo, M. and Habersetzer, J. 1999. The Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the lower Middle Eocene (MP 11) of Messel (Germany) with special remarks on new x‐ray methods. Courier Forschungs‐Institut Senckenberg216, 31–73.
  • Morlo, M., Gunnell, G. F. and Polly, P. D. 2009. What, if not nothing, is a creodont? Phylogeny and classification of Hyaenodontida and other former creodonts. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology29 (Suppl 3), 152A.
  • Peigné, S., Morlo, M., Chaimanee, Y., Ducrocq, S., Tun, S. T. and Jaeger, J. J. 2007. New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar – palaeobiogeographic implications. Geodiversitas29 (3), 441–458.
  • Pilgrim, G. E. 1910. Notices of new mammalian genera and species from the Tertiaries of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India40, 63–71.
  • Polly, P. D. 1993. What, if anything, is a creodont? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology13 (Suppl 3), 42A.
  • Polly, P. D. 1996. The skeleton of Gazinocyon vulpeculus gen. et comb. nov. and the cladistic relationships of Hyaenodontidae (Eutheria, Mammalia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology16, 303–319.
  • Qi, T., Beard, K. C., Wang, B., Dawson, M. R., Guo, J. and Li, C. 1996. The Shanghuang mammalian fauna, Middle Eocene of Jiangsu: history of discovery and significance. Vertebrata PalAsiatica34 (3), 202–214.
  • Ranga Rao, A. 1973. Notices of two new mammals from the Upper Eocene Kalakot beds, India. Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Special Papers2, 1–6.
  • Russell, D. E. and Zhai, R. 1987. The Palaeogene of Asia: mammals and stratigraphy. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Série C, Sciences de la Terre52, 1–488.
  • Rütimeyer, L. 1862. Eocaene Säugetiere aus dem Gebiet des Schweizerischen Jura. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizer Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften19, 1–98.
  • Schlosser, M. 1886. Paläontologische Notizen. Über das Verhältnis der Cope'schen Creodonta zu den übrigen Fleischfressern. Morphologische Jahrbuch12, 287–294.
  • Smith, J. B. and Dodson, P. 2003. A proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology23, 1–12.
  • Smith, T. and Smith, R. 2001. The creodonts (Mammalia, Ferae) from the Paleocene–Eocene transition in Belgium (Tienen Formation, MN 7). Belgian Journal of Zoology131 (2), 117–135.
  • Solé, F. 2013. New proviverrine genus from the Early Eocene of Europe and the first phylogeny of Late Paleocene – Middle Eocene hyaenodontidans (Mammalia). Journal of Systematic Paleontology11, 375–398.
  • Solé, F., Gheerbrant, E., Amaghzaz, M. and Bouya, B. 2009. Further evidence of the African antiquity of hyaenodontid (‘Creodonta’, Mammalia) evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society156, 827–846.
  • Solé, F., Gheerbrant, E. and Godinot, M. 2011. New Data on the Oxyaenodonta from the Early Eocene of Europe, biostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic and paleoecologic implications. Palaeontologica Electronica14 (2), 13A, 1–41.
  • Solé, F., Gheerbrant, E. and Godinot, M. in press. The Sinopaninae and Arfianinae (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Europe and Asia; evidences for dispersals in Laurasia around the P/E boundary and for an unnoticed faunal turnover in Europe. Geobios.
  • Thewissen, J. G. M., Williams, E. M. and Hussain, S. T. 2001. Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo‐Pakistan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology21, 347–366.
  • Ting, S. 1998. Paleocene and early Eocene land mammal ages of Asia. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History34, 124–147.
  • Tong, Y. and Lei, Y. 1986. Fossil creodonts and carnivores (Mammalia) from the Hetaoyuan Eocene of Henan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica24, 210–221.
  • Tong, Y. and Wang, J. 2007. Fossil mammals from the Early Eocene Wutu Formation of Shandong province. Palaeontologia Sinica192 (new series C, 28), 1–195.
  • Townsend, K. E. B., Rasmussen, T. B., Murphey, P. C. and Evanoff, E. 2010. Middle Eocene habitat shifts in the North American western interior: a case study. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology297, 144–158.
  • Tsubamoto, T., Takai, M. and Egi, N. 2004. Quantitative analyses of biogeography and faunal evolution of middle to late Eocene mammals in East Asia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology24, 657–667.
  • Van Valen, L. 1965. Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia). Palaeontology8, 638–665.
  • Van Valen, L. 1966. Deltatheridia, a new order of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History132, 1–126.
  • Van Valen, L. 1967. New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History135, 217–284.
  • Van Valen, L. 1971. Adaptive zones and the orders of mammals. Evolution25, 420–428.
  • Wall, W. P. 1998. Amynodontidae. 583–588. In Janis, C. M., Scott, K. M. and Jacobs, L. L. (eds). Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, New York, 708 pp.
  • Wang, B. and Li, C. 1990. First Palaeogene mammalian fauna from northeast China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica28, 165–205.
  • Woodburne, M. O. 2004. Global events and the North American Mammalian Biochronology. 315–343. In Woodburne, M. O. (ed.). Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic mammals of North America: biostratigraphy and geochronology. Columbia University Press, Flagstaff, 376 pp.
  • Woodburne, M. O., Gunnell, G. F. and Stucky, R. K. 2009. Climate directly influences Eocene mammal faunal dynamic in North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America106 (32), 13399–13403.
  • Wortman, J. L. 1902. Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh collection, Peabody Museum. Part I. Carnivora. American Journal of Sciences, Series 413, 39–46, 115–128, 197–208, 433–448, 14, 17–23.
  • Xiuli, Z., Xiqi, Z., Mingzhen, W. and Chengsen, L. 2004. The assemblage of Neogene sporopollen of Tumenzi Formation of Hunchun, Jilin Province. Journal of Shandong University of Sciences and Technology (Natural Science)23 (1), 19–23. [In Chinese, with English abstract].
PalAss Go! URL: http://go.palass.org/5my | Twitter: Share on Twitter | Facebook: Share on Facebook | Google+: Share on Google+