Skip to content Skip to navigation

Article: Amniotes through major biological crises: faunal turnover among Parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction

Publication: Palaeontology
Volume: 54
Part: 5
Publication Date: September 2011
Page(s): 1117 1137
Author(s): Marcello Ruta, Juan C. Cisneros, Torsten Liebrecht, Linda A. Tsuji and Johannes Müller
Addition Information

How to Cite

RUTA, M., CISNEROS, J. C., LIEBRECHT, T., TSUJI, L. A., MÃœLLER, J. 2011. Amniotes through major biological crises: faunal turnover among Parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction. Palaeontology54, 5, 1117–1137.

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library
Get Article: Wiley Online Library [Pay-to-View Access] |

References

  • ALROY, J. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology, 26, 707–733.
  • ALROY, J., MARSHALL, C. R., BAMBACK, R. K., BEZUSKO, K., FOOTE, M., FÜRSICH, F. T., HANSEN, T. A., HOLLAND, S. M., IVANY, L. C., JABLONSKI, D., JACOBS, D. K., JONES, D. C., KOSNIK, M. A., LIDGARD, S., LOW, S., MILLER, A. I., NOVACK-GOTTSHALL, P. M., OLSZEWSKI, T. D., PATZKOWSKY, M. E., RAUP, D. M., ROY, K., SEPKOSKI, J. J. Jr, SOMMERS, M. G., WAGNER, P. J. and WEBBER, A. 2001. Effects of sampling standardization on estimates of Phanerozoic marine diversification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98, 6261–6266.
  • ANGIELCZYK, K. D. and WALSH, M. L. 2008. Patterns in the evolution of nares size and secondary palate length in anomodont therapsids (Synapsida): implications for hypoxia as a cause of end-Permian tetrapod extinctions. Journal of Paleontology, 82, 528–542.
  • BARRETT, P. M., McGOWAN, A. J. and PAGE, V. 2009. Dinosaur diversity and the rock record. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 276, 2667–2674.
  • BENSON, R. B. J., BUTLER, R. J., LINDGREN, J. and SMITH, A. S. 2010. Mesozoic marine tetrapod diversity: mass extinctions and temporal heterogeneity in geological megabiases affecting vertebrates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 277, 829–834.
  • BENTON, M. J. 1987. Mass extinctions among families of non-marine tetrapods: the data. Memoirs de la Société Géologique de France, 150, 21–32.
  • BENTON, M. J. 1994. Palaeontological data and indentifying mass extinctions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 181–185.
  • BENTON, M. J. 2003. When life nearly died. The greatest mass extinction of all time. Thames and Hudson, London, 336 pp.
  • BENTON, M. J. and SIMMS, M. J. 1995. Testing the marine and continental fossil records. Geology, 23, 601–604.
  • BENTON, M. J., TVERDOKHLEBOV, V. P. and SURKOV, M. V. 2004. Ecosystem remodelling among vertebrates at the Permo-Triassic boundary in Russia. Nature, 432, 97–100.
  • BOTHA, J. and SMITH, R. M. H. 2006. Rapid vertebrate recuperation in the Karoo Basin following the End-Permian extinction. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 45, 502–514.
  • BOTHA, J., MODESTO, S. P. and SMITH, R. M. H. 2007. Extended procolophonoid reptile survivorship after the end-Permian extinction. South African Journal of Science, 103, 54–56.
  • BUTLER, R. J., BARRETT, P. M., NOWBATH, S. and UPCHURCH, P. 2009. Estimating the effects of sampling biases on pterosaur diversity patterns: implications for hypotheses of bird/pterosaur competitive replacement. Paleobiology, 35, 432–446.
  • CISNEROS, J. C. 2008a. Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6, 345–366.
  • CISNEROS, J. C. 2008b. New basal procolophonid reptile from the Katberg Formation (Lower Triassic) of the South African Karoo. Palaeoworld, 17, 126–134.
  • CISNEROS, J. C. and RUTA, M. 2010. Morphological diversity and biogeography of procolophonids (Amniota: Parareptilia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8, 607–625.
  • DURBIN, J. and WATSON, G. S. 1950. Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression, I. Biometrika, 37, 409–428.
  • DURBIN, J. and WATSON, G. S. 1951. Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression, II. Biometrika, 38, 159–179.
  • EBLE, G. J. 2000. Contrasting evolutionary flexibility in sister groups: disparity and diversity in Mesozoic atelostomate echinoids. Paleobiology, 26, 56–79.
  • ERWIN, D. H. 1990. The end-Permian mass extinction. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics, 21, 69–91.
  • ERWIN, D. H. 2006. Extinction: how life on earth nearly ended 250 million years ago. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 306 pp.
  • FARA, E. 2004. Estimating minimum global species diversity for groups with a poor fossil record: a case study of Late Jurassic-Eocene lissamphibians. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 207, 59–82.
  • FOOTE, M. 1994. Temporal variation in extinction risk and temporal scaling of extinction metrics. Paleobiology, 20, 424–444.
  • FOOTE, M. 1996. Perspective: evolutionary patterns in the fossil record. Evolution, 50, 1–11.
  • FOOTE, M. 2000. Origination and extinction components of taxonomic diversity: general problems. Paleobiology, 26, 74–102.
  • FOOTE, M. and MILLER, A. I. 2007. Principles of paleontology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 354 pp.
  • FOX, J. and WEISBERG, S. 2011. An R companion to applied regression. Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 472 pp.
  • FRÖBISCH, J. 2008. Global taxonomic diversity of anomodonts (Tetrapoda, Therapsida) and the terrestrial rock record across the Permian-Triassic boundary. PLoS ONE, 3, 1–14.
  • GILINSKY, N. L. 1994. Volatility and the Phanerozoic decline of background extinction intensity. Paleobiology, 20, 445–458.
  • HAMMER, Ø. 2003. Biodiversity curves for the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Lethaia, 36, 305–313.
  • HAMMER, Ø. and HARPER, D. A. T. 2006. Paleontological data analysis. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 351 pp.
  • HAMMER, Ø., HARPER, D. A. T. and RYAN, P. D. 2001. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 9.
  • HUELSENBECK, J. P. 1994. Comparing the stratigraphic record to estimates of phylogeny. Paleobiology, 40, 563–569.
  • JALIL, N.-E. and JANVIER, P. 2005. Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc. Geodiversitas, 27, 35–132.
  • KALMAR, A. and CURRIE, D. J. 2010. The completeness of the continental fossil record and its impact on patterns of diversification. Paleobiology, 36, 51–60.
  • KAMMERER, C. F. and ANGIELCZYK, K. D. 2009. A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids. Zootaxa, 2018, 1–24.
  • KING, G. M. 1993. Species longevity and generic diversity in dicynodonts. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 102, 321–332.
  • LANE, A., JANIS, C. M. and SEPKOSKI, J. J. Jr 2005. Estimating paleodiversities: a test of the taxic and phylogenetic methods. Paleobiology, 31, 21–34.
  • LIOW, L. H. 2007. Lineages with long durations are old and morphologically average: an analysis using multiple datasets. Evolution, 61, 885–901.
  • LLOYD, G. T., DAVIS, K. E., PISANI, D., TARVER, J. E., RUTA, M., SAKAMOTO, M., HONE, D. W. E., JENNINGS, R. and BENTON, M. J. 2008. Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 275, 2483–2490.
  • LUCAS, S. G. 2004. A global hiatus in the Middle Permian tetrapod fossil record. Stratigraphy, 1, 47–64.
  • MAKARIEVA, A. M. and GORSHKOV, V. G. 2004. On the dependence of speciation rates on species abundance and characteristic population size. Journal of Bioscience, 29, 119–128.
  • MANNION, P. D., UPCHURCH, P., CARRANO, M. T. and BARRETT, P. M. 2011. Testing the effect of the rock record on diversity: a multidisciplinary approach to elucidating the generic richness of sauropodomorph dinosaurs through time. Biological Reviews, 86, 157–181.
  • MARSHALL, C. R. 1990. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges. Paleobiology, 16, 1–10.
  • MARSHALL, C. R. 1994. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges: partial relaxation of the assumption of randomly distributed fossil horizons. Paleobiology, 20, 459–469.
  • MARSHALL, C. R. 1997. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges with non-random distributions of fossil horizons. Paleobiology, 23, 165–173.
  • MARX, F. G. 2008. Marine mammals through time: when less is more in studying palaeodiversity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 276, 887–892.
  • MARX, F. G. and UHEN, M. D. 2010. Climate, critters, and cetaceans: Cenozoic drivers of the evolution of modern whales. Science, 327, 993–996.
  • MAXWELL, W. D. 1992. Permian and Early Triassic extinction of non-marine tetrapods. Palaeontology, 35, 571–583.
  • MILNER, A. R. 1990. The radiations of temnospondyl amphibians. 321–349. In TAYLOR, P. D. and LARWOOD, G. P. (eds). Major evolutionary radiations. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 437 pp.
  • MODESTO, S. P. 2006. The cranial skeleton of the Early Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 345–368.
  • MODESTO, S. P., SUES, H.-D. and DAMIANI, R. J. 2001. A new Triassic procolophonoid reptile and its implications for procolophonoid survivorship during the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 268, 2047–2052.
  • MODESTO, S. P., DAMIANI, R. J., NEVELING, J. and YATES, A. M. 2003. A new Triassic owenettid parareptile and the Mother of Mass Extinctions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 715–719.
  • MODESTO, S. P., SCOTT, D. M. and REISZ, R. R. 2009. A new parareptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Permian of South Africa. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 46, 9–20.
  • MÜLLER, J. and TSUJI, L. A. 2007. Impedance-matching hearing in Paleozoic reptiles: evidence of advanced sensory perception at an early stage of amniote evolution. PLoS One, 2, e889.
  • MÜLLER, J., LI, J.-L. and REISZ, R. R. 2008. A new bolosaurid parareptile, Belebey chengi sp. nov., from the Middle Permian of China and its paleogeographic significance. Naturwissenschaften, 95, 1169–1174.
  • NEWMAN, M. E. J. and EBLE, G. J. 1999. Decline in extinction rates and scale invariance in the fossil record. Paleobiology, 25, 434–439.
  • NORELL, M. A. 1992. Taxic origin and temporal diversity: the effect of phylogeny. 88–118. In NOVACEK, M. J. and WHEELER, Q. D. (eds). Extinction and phylogeny. Columbia University Press, New York, 253 pp.
  • OLSON, E. C. 1989. Problems of Permo-Triassic terrestrial vertebrate extinctions. Historical Biology, 2, 17–35.
  • PARZEN, E. 1962. On estimation of a probability density function and mode. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 33, 1065–1076.
  • PITRAT, C. W. 1973. Vertebrates and the Permo-Triassic extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 14, 249–264.
  • POL, D. and NORELL, M. A. 2006. Uncertainty in the age of fossils and the stratigraphic fit to phylogenies. Systematic Biology, 55, 512–521.
  • PURVIS, A. 2008. Phylogenetic approaches to the study of extinction. Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39, 301–319.
  • RAUP, D. M. and SEPKOSKI, J. J. JR 1986. Periodic extinction of families and genera. Science, 231, 833–836.
  • REISZ, R. R., MÜLLER, J., TSUJI, L. and SCOTT, D. 2007. The cranial osteology of Belebey vegrandis (Parareptilia: Bolosauridae), from the Middle Permian of Russia, and its bearing on reptilian evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 151, 191–214.
  • RETALLACK, G. J., METZGER, C. A., GREAVER, T., JAHREN, A. H., SMITH, R. M. H. and SHELDON, N. D. 2006. Middle-Late Permian mass extinction on land. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 118, 1398–1411.
  • RIEPPEL, O. 2007. The relationships of turtles within amniotes. 345–353. In WYNEKEN, J., GODFREY, M. H. and BELS, V. (eds). Biology of turtles: from structures to strategies of life. CRC Press, London, 408 pp.
  • ROOPNARINE, P. D., ANGIELCZYK, K. D., WANG, S. C. and HERTOG, R. 2007. Trophic network models explain instability of Early Triassic terrestrial communities. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 274, 2077–2086.
  • RUTA, M. and BENTON, M. J. 2008. Calibrated diversity, tree topology and the mother of mass extinctions: the lesson of temnospondyls. Palaeontology, 51, 1261–1288.
  • RUTA, M., PISANI, D., LLOYD, G. T. and BENTON, M. J. 2007. A supertree of Temnospondyli: cladogenetic patterns in the most species-rich group of early tetrapods. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 274, 3087–3095.
  • SAHNEY, S. and BENTON, M. J. 2008. Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 275, 759–765.
  • SAHNEY, S., BENTON, M. J. and FERRY, P. A. 2010. Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land. Biology Letters, 6, 544–547.
  • SÄILÄ, L. K. 2008. The osteology and affinities of Anomoiodon liliensterni, a procolophonid reptile from the Lower Triassic Buntsandstein of Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 1199–1205.
  • SÄILÄ, L. K. 2009. Alpha taxonomy of the Russian Permian procolophonoid reptiles. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54, 599–608.
  • SEPKOSKI, J. J. Jr 1975. Stratigraphic biases in the analysis of taxonomic survivorship. Paleobiology, 1, 343–355.
  • SILVERMAN, B. W. 1981. Using kernel density estimates to investigate multimodality. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 43, 97–99.
  • SILVERMAN, B. W. 1986. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York, 176 pp.
  • SMITH, A. B. 1994. Systematics and the fossil record: documenting evolutionary patterns. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, 223 pp.
  • SMITH, A. B. and McGOWAN, A. J. 2007. The shape of the Phanerozoic marine palaeodiversity curve: how much can be predicted from the sedimentary rock record of Western Europe? Palaeontology, 50, 765–774.
  • SOKAL, R. R. and ROHLF, F. J. 1995. Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 887 pp.
  • STANLEY, S. M. 1979. Macroevolution, pattern and process. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 332 pp.
  • STANLEY, S. M. 1985. Rates of evolution. Paleobiology, 11, 13–26.
  • STRAUSS, D. and SADLER, P. M. 1989. Confidence intervals and Bayesian probability estimates for ends of local taxon ranges. Mathematical Geology, 21, 411–427.
  • SUES, H.-D. and REISZ, R. R. 2008. Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Sclerosaurus armatus (Amniota: Parareptilia) from the Buntsandstein (Triassic) of Europe. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 1031–1042.
  • THACKERAY, J. F. 1990. Rates of extinction in marine invertebrates: further comparison between background and mass extinction. Paleobiology, 16, 22–24.
  • TSUJI, L. A. 2006. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of the Permian parareptile Macroleter poezicus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26, 849–865.
  • TSUJI, L. A. and MÜLLER, J. 2008. A re-evaluation of Parasaurus geinitzi, the first named pareiasaur (Amniota, Parareptilia). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 45, 1111–1121.
  • TSUJI, L. A. and MÜLLER, J. 2009. Assembling the history of the Parareptilia: phylogeny, diversification, and a new definition of the clade. Fossil Record, 12, 71–81.
  • VAN VALEN, L. 1984. A resetting of Phanerozoic community evolution. Nature, 307, 50–52.
  • VENABLES, W. N. and RIPLEY, B. D. 2002. Modern applied statistics with S. Springer, New York, 495 pp.
  • WAGNER, P. J. 1995. Diversification among early Paleozoic gastropods – contrasting taxonomic and phylogenetic descriptions. Paleobiology, 21, 410–439.
  • WAGNER, P. J. 2000. The quality of the fossil record and the accuracy of phylogenetic inferences about sampling and diversity. Systematic Biology, 49, 65–86.
  • WANG, S. C. 2003. On the continuity of background and mass extinction. Paleobiology, 29, 455–467.
  • WANG, S. C. and MARSHALL, C. R. 2004. Improved confidence intervals for estimating the position of a mass extinction boundary. Paleobiology, 30, 5–18.
  • WARD, P. D., BOTHA, J., BUICK, R., KOCK, M. O. D. E., ERWIN, D. H., GARRISON, G. H., KIRSCHVINK, J. L. and SMITH, R. 2005. Abrupt and gradual extinction among late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Science, 307, 709–714.
  • WERNEBURG, I. and SÁNCHEZ-VILLAGRA, M. R. 2009. Timing of organogenesis support basal position of turtles in the amniote tree of life. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9, 1–9.
  • WILLS, M. A. 1999. The gap excess ratio, randomization tests, and the goodness of fit of trees to stratigraphy. Systematic Biology, 48, 559–580.
  • WILLS, M. A. 2007. Fossil ghost ranges are most common in some of the oldest and some of the youngest strata. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 274, 2421–2427.
  • WILLS, M. A., BARRETT, P. M. and HEATHCOTE, J. F. 2008. The stratigraphic congruence of dinosaur phylogenies and the Modified Gap Excess Ration (GER*). Systematic Biology, 20, 891–904.
  • YOUNG, M. T., BRUSATTE, S. L., RUTA, M. and ANDRADE, M. B. de 2010. The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia, Thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158, 801–859.
  • ZEILEIS, A. and HOTHORN, T. 2002. Diagnostic checking in regression relationships. R News, 2, 7–10.
PalAss Go! URL: http://go.palass.org/5hd | Twitter: Share on Twitter | Facebook: Share on Facebook | Google+: Share on Google+