Article: Evolution in carnivorous mammals [Nineteenth Annual Address, delivered 17 March 1976]

Carnivorous mammals are identified on the basis of their carnassial dentition and their predatory preference for vertebrates. Jurassic pantotheres possess a dentition from which arose both carnivore and herbivore specializations. The changes towards carnivorous feeding involved emphasis on the cutting functions of the cheek teeth, with corresponding reduction of the crushing activities. A carnivorous mode of living evolved twice among the marsupials (borhyaenids in South America and some dasyurids in Australia) and twice among the placentals (Creodonta and Carnivora). Characteristics of the post-cranial skeleton in carnivores are mentioned. Features of the jaw mechanics, the brain, and the senses (smell, sight, and hearing) are discussed. Specializations of sabre-like canines and crushing premolars are discussed. The form and function of the carnassial dentition and its evolution are analysed.